HUMAN RELATIONS (AN INTERPRETATION)...  

Posted by Raymound in

Noun
Human relationship - a relation between people; (`relationship' is often used where `relation' would serve, as in `the relationship between inflation and unemployment', but the preferred usage of `relationship' is for human relations or states of relatedness); "the relationship between mothers and their children"
relationship
relation - an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together
partnership - a cooperative relationship between people or groups who agree to share responsibility for achieving some specific goal; "effective language learning is a partnership between school, teacher and student"; "the action teams worked in partnership with the government"
personal relation, personal relationship - a relation between persons.

1
: a study of human problems arising from organizational and interpersonal relations (as in industry)
2
: a course, study, or program designed to develop better interpersonal and intergroup adjustments

First Known Use of HUMAN RELATIONS

1946

Other Sociology Terms

Articles

The Myth of Quality Time -- Robert Evans, Ed.D.
One of the great myths of parenting is Quality Time, the idea that childrearing can be handled in short doses of positive interaction.  We may be too busy to spend much time with our children, so this theory goes, but it’s alright if that time is full of high quality contact.  Unfortunately, this rarely works, in good part because children, by their very nature, provoke large quantities of low quality time.
Helping Students Cope with A Tragic Death -- Robert Evans, Ed.D.
The suicide of a student reverberates throughout a community.  People feel shock and disbelief, as well as concern for the student’s family and friends.  Adults want to be helpful to students but often have trouble themselves understanding how such a thing could happen.  They may find themselves reminded of major losses in their own lives or suddenly concerned about what might happen to other students, especially when there have been other suicides in the recent past. People worry about saying too much or too little, about not having enough information, about saying the wrong thing. Though there is no perfect way to respond, there are some guidelines that can often make a positive difference in talking with young people.
Professional Mediation:  A Good Choice -- Rebecca Cohan, LICSW
No one goes through life without conflict.  Tensions, disagreements, and disputes often occur simply because people have natural differences.  We differ in our likes and dislikes, in our personalities, in our beliefs, and in the way we approach problems.  Many accept that conflict is inevitable, but don’t always realize that it can have a positive outcome.
Just Say No? -- Robert Evans, Ed.D.
Ten Commandments of Human Relations
Years ago, during my training, I attended a seminar that met evenings at the home of an eminent Boston psychologist.  Arriving early one night, I heard children shouting distantly above me, up in the third floor.  Then suddenly I heard the eminent psychologist’s voice boom out, “Because your goddam father says so, that’s why!” 
Internet Safety Priorities -- By Mark J. Kline, Psy.D.
Internet Socializing: Tips for Elementary School ParentsBy Mark J. Kline, Psy.D.
Increasing numbers of elementary school-aged children are socializing on the internet.  Using instant messaging, email,  chat rooms, and other techniques, they can communicate with school friends as well as strangers. Unfortunately, parents are often unaware of this “virtual social life” until trouble begins. 
Questions to Ask About Internet Security Software
By Mark J Kline, Psy.D.
Internet screening software is not the whole answer to managing internet use in your family. It is no substitute for parental attention and oversight, communication, clear rules, limits and expectations, and knowing your child well. However, internet filtering or monitoring software can be a useful component of your family’s internet use plan, and by some reports, over a third of all families use it.
In the Wake of Crisis: Taking Care of CaretakersRobert Evans, Ed.D.
Most educators are born caretakers, and when crisis strikes in any form they tend to concentrate unhesitatingly and superbly on the needs of their students. Even without formal crisis training, and even in the face of catastrophic events like the attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, most teachers naturally respond in caring, sensitive ways that comfort children and parents alike. This has surely been the case in many thousands of schools since September 11. But going forward, the key to their continued success will be something they are not always so good at: attending to their own needs. To continue good caretaking, caretakers must take care of themselves.

Ten Commandments of Human Relations


by Rubel Shelly on September 23, 2008
Category: Leading in HopeThe fundamental issue in human ethical behavior is summarized by Jesus in what we have come to call "The Golden Rule." Jesus put it this way:
So in everything, do to others what you would have them do to you, for this sums up the Law and the Prophets (Matthew 7:12 TNIV).
It asks us to test our treatment of others by putting ourselves in their place. Treat others the way you would want them to treat you in the same or similar circumstance.
Made in God’s image, all of us have something to be valued!
Somebody took that principle and translated it into Ten Commandments of Human Relations. You may have seen this anonymous piece, for it circulates in a variety of settings. In case you have missed it, I am reproducing it here.
  1. Speak to people. There is nothing as nice as a cheerful word of greeting.

  2. Smile at people. It takes 72 muscles to frown, only 14 to smile.

  3. Call people by name. It is music to anyone’s ears to hear the sound of his or her name.

  4. Be friendly and helpful.

  5. Be cordial. Speak and act as if everything you do is genuinely a pleasure. If it isn’t, learn to make it so.

  6. Be genuinely interested in people. You can like almost anyone, if you try.

  7. Be generous with praise, cautious with criticism.

  8. Be considerate of the feelings of others. There are usually three sides to a controversy — yours, the other fellow’s, and the correct one.

  9. Be alert to serve. What counts most in life is what you do for others.

  10. Live with a good sense of humor, a generous dose of patience, and a dash of humility appropriate to being human.
The great challenge in human experience is not work skills, but people skills. That is, research has shown that the majority of people who fail in their vocation do so because they cannot get along with people.
You might think through the meaning of these ten common-sense ideas for your own workplace and personal activity. But what about the larger setting for your daily life? These principles work everywhere you go, for they are about showing respect to the people you meet in all those places.
Made in God’s image, all of us have something to be valued, affirmed, and acknowledged by others. But let it begin with us to acknowledge it in them. As the cycle of giving and receiving enlarges, the human community comes alive.

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THE CIVIL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (AN INTRODUCTION)...  

Posted by Raymound in ,

Civil Code of the Philippines

The Civil Code of the Philippines is the product of the codification of private law in the Philippines. It is the general law that governsfamily and property relations in the Philippines. It was enacted in 1950, and remains in force to date despite some significant amendments.

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History of the Civil Code

























































The Civil Code is strongly influenced by the Spanish Civil Code, which was first enforced in 1889 within the Philippines, then a colony of Spain. The Spanish Civil Code remained in effect even during the American colonization of the Philippines. However, by 1940, theCommonwealth Government of President Manuel Quezon had created a Commission to create a new Civil Code. The Commission was initially headed by Chief Justice Ramon Avanceña. However, the work of the Commission was interrupted by the Japanese invasion of the Philippines, and its records were destroyed during the Battle of Manila in 1945.
In 1947, President Manuel Roxas created a new Code Commission, this time headed by the former Dean of the University of the Philippines College of Law Jorge Bocobo. Among the members who sat on the new Commission were future Supreme Court Associate Justice Francisco R. Capistrano, and future Vice-President Arturo Tolentino. The Commission completed the final draft of the new Civil Code by December 1947, and this was submitted to Congress, which enacted it into law through Republic Act No. 386. The Civil Code took effect in 1950.[1]
Due to its extensive coverage and impact, the Civil Code is among the most widely studied and commented upon laws in the Philippines. Several legal luminaries developed reputations as experts on the Civil Code and consequently enhanced their reputations in the field of Philippine law. These include Tolentino, Supreme Court Associate Justices J. B. L. Reyes, Flerida Ruth P. Romero, andJose Vitug, and respected law professors such as Ruben Balane, Araceli Baviera, Ismael Oledan, Adam Dayot, with, Anthonyson Cartojano, GR Sanchez, Alejandro Mendros, and Yoradyl Tambol .

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Features of the Civil Code

The Civil Code is divided into 5 “books”, with a specific book covering persons and family relations; property; succession; obligations andcontracts; and special contracts. Special contracts encompasses several classes of contracts as sales, agency, and partnership. The law on torts and damages is found in Book V, although developments in tort and damages law have been guided less by the Code than by judicial precedents.
The influence of the Spanish Civil Code is most evident in the books on property, succession and obligations and contracts. The law on succession, for example, retains such concepts indigenous to Spain such as the rule on legitimes and reserva troncal. On the other hand, many of the provisions on special contracts, particularly on sales, are derived from American common law, reflecting the influence of American rule over the Philippines and the influx of commercial relations involving Americans during that time.
The great mass of disputes between private persons over civil and property relations are resolved by application of the provisions of the Civil Code. With over 2000 specific provisions, the Civil Code attempts to anticipate all possible questions arising from civil and property relations and prescribe a definitive solution for these problems. Understandably, the Civil Code itself is unable to provide a definite answer for all emerging problems, and reliance has been placed by the courts not only on the provisions of the Code, but also on the interpretations of the Code as laid down by the Supreme Court. Notably, the Civil Code itself recognizes that "[j]udicial decisions applying or interpreting the laws or the Constitution shall form a part of the legal system of the Philippines" (Article 8, Civil Code), a recognition of the eminent role now played by judicial precedents in Philippine law.

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The Family Code of 1987

In 1987, President Corazon Cojuangco Aquino enacted into law The Family Code of 1987, which was intended to supplant Book I of the Civil Code concerning persons and family relations. Work on the Family Code had begun as early as 1979, and it had been drafted by two successive committees, the first chaired by future Supreme Court Justice Flerida Ruth Romero, and the second chaired by former Supreme Court Justice J. B. L. Reyes. The need was seen to amend the Civil Code through the Family Code in order to, among others, change certain provisions implanted from foreign sources which had proved unsuitable to Filipino culture; and to attune to contemporary developments and trends.[2]
The Family Code covers fields of significant public interest, especially the law on marriage. The definition and requisites for marriage, as well as the grounds for its annulment, are found in the Family Code. Also in the Family Code is the law on conjugal property relations, the rules on establishing filiation, and the governing provisions on support, parental authority, and adoption.

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CHAPTER 2 ARTICLE 36 CIVIL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES  

Posted by Raymound in

Art. 36. "Pre-judicial questions which must be decided before any criminal prosecution may be instituted or may proceed, shall be governed by rules of court which the Supreme Court shall promulgate and which shall not be in conflict with the provisions of this Code."




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ADDITIONAL EXPLANATION/RELATED ARTICLES:

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1835

 .


CODIFYING THE VARIOUS LAWS ON ANTI-SUBVERSION AND INCREASING THE PENALTIES FOR MEMBERSHIP IN SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS. 


WHEREAS, the crimes of subversion, rebellion, sedition, conspiracy or proposal to commit such crimes, and crimes or offenses committed in furtherance thereof or in connection therewith constitute direct attacks on the life of the State; 
WHEREAS, the Communist threat remains a nagging problem of the government and a continuing menace to the security of the State; 
WHEREAS, the Communist Party of the Philippines, its military arm, the New People's Army and any successors of such organizations or similarly purposed organizations persist in pursuing their defined objective to bring down by violence the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and to forcibly seize political power in order that they may replace the existing political, social, economic and legal order with an entirely new one based on communism or to secede or remove from the allegiance to the Philippine government or its laws, the territory of the Philippines or any part thereof;.WHEREAS, to support the continuing efforts of the government aimed at solving the problems of public disorder and lawlessness, and the restoration of normalcy in the country, it is necessary to provide an effective deterrent to membership in subversive organizations by increasing the penalty therefor; 
WHEREAS, there have been a series of amendments to R.A. No. 1700 (the Anti-Subversion Law) and P.D. 885 (the Revised Anti-Subversion Law) thus necessitating the codification of said amendments for purposes of integration and convenience. 
NOW, THEREFORE, I, FERDINAND E. MARCOS, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers in me vested by the Constitution, do hereby decree as follows: .chan robles virtual law library
Section 1. This Decree shall be known as the Anti-Subversion Law of 1981. 
Sec. 2. The Communist Party of the Philippines is hereby declared to be an organized conspiracy for the purpose of overthrowing the Government of the Republic of the Philippines or for the purpose of removing from the allegiance to said government or its laws, the territory of the Philippines or any part thereof, with the open or covert assistance or support of a foreign power or the open or covert support from a foreign source of any association, group of persons, whether public or private, by force, violence, terrorism, arson, assassination, deceit or other illegal means. The said party and any other organization, association, political party or group of persons organized for the same purpose and their successors are hereby considered and declared subversive organizations. 
Sec.  3. As used in this Decree, the term "Communist Party of the Philippines" shall mean and include among others, the organizations now known as the Communist Party of the Philippines and its military arm, the New People's Army, and any such organizations/ associations whose purposes are allied thereto..chan robles virtual law library
Sec.  4. Whoever knowingly, willfully and by overt act affiliates with, becomes or remains a member of a subversive association or organization as defined in Section 2 hereof, whether committed or outside the territorial jurisdiction of the Philippines, shall be punished by reclusion temporal and in addition thereto shall suffer the forfeiture of his rights as a citizen of the Philippines, including permanent disqualification from holding any public office, appointive and elective, and from exercising the right to vote, if he is a Philippine citizen, and confiscation of his property, real or personal in favor of the State, in case of a second conviction, the principal penalty shall be reclusion perpetua; and in all subsequent convictions the penalty of reclusion perpetua to death shall be imposed; and any alien convicted after he shall serve the sentence imposed upon him: Provided, That if such member is an officer or a ranking leader of such subversive organization or association as defined in Section 2 hereof, or if such member takes up arms against the Government, he shall be punished by reclusion perpetua to death with all the accessory penalties provided therefor in the Revised Penal code; And provided, finally, That one who conspires with any other person for the purpose of over-throwing the Government of the Republic of the Philippines or the government of any of its political subdivisions and to place such Government or political subdivision under the control and domination of a foreign power or for the purpose of removing from the allegiance to said government or its laws, the territory of the Philippines or any part thereof, by force, violence, terrorism, arson, assassination, deceit or other illegal means, shall be punished by reclusion temporal with all the accessory penalties provided therefor in the same Code. .chan robles virtual law library
Sec.  5. After the arraignment of an accused who is charged with subversion, the trial may proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused, provided that he has been duly notified and his failure to appear is unjustified. Judgment may be promulgated in absentia and the penalty of confiscation of his properties in the Philippines may be immediately executed..chan robles virtual law library
Sec.  6. The following acts shall constitute prima facie evidence of membership in any subversive association: 

(a) Allowing himself to be listed as a member in any book or any of the lists, records, correspondence, or any other document of the organization; 

(b) Subjecting himself to the discipline of such association or organization in any form whatsoever; .chan robles virtual law library
(c) Giving financial contribution to such association or organization dues, assessments, loans or in any other forms; 
(d) Executing orders, plans or directives of any kind of such association or organization; 
(e) Acting as an agent, courier, messenger, correspondent, organizer, or in other capacity, on behalf of such association or organization; 
(f) Conferring with officers or other members of such association or organization in furtherance of any plan or enterprise thereof; 
(g) Transmitting orders, directives, or plans of such association or organization orally or in writing or any other means of communication such as by signal, semaphore, sign or code;.chan robles virtual law library
(h) Preparing documents, pamphlets, leaflets, books, or any other type of publication to promote the objectives and purposes of such association or organization; 
(i) Mailing, shipping, circulating, distributing, or delivering to other persons any material or propaganda of any kind on behalf of such association or organization; 
(j) Advising, counselling, or in other way giving instruction, information, suggestions, or recommendations to officers or members or to any other person to further the objectives of such association or organization;
(k) Participating in any way in the activities, planning action, objectives, or purposes of such association or organization. 
Sec.  7. Any person who knowingly furnishes false evidence in any action brought under this Decree shall be punished by prision correccional. .chan robles virtual law library
Sec.  8. The sequestration of the property of any person, natural or juridical, engaged in subversive activities against the Government and its duly constituted authorities, is hereby authorized, in accordance with implementing rules and regulations as may be issued by the Secretary of National Defense.
As used herein, the "sequester" and "sequestration" shall mean the seizure of private property or assets in the hands of any person or entity in order to prevent the utilization, transfer or conveyance of the same for purposes inimical to national security, or when necessary to protect the interest of the Government or any of its instrumentalities. It shall include the taking over and assumption of the management, control and operation of the private property or assets seized. 
Sec.  9. Except as provided in Section 11 hereof the two-witness rule heretofore provided in Republic Act Numbered Seventeen Hundred is hereby abrogated and the accused may be convicted on the testimony of one witness if sufficient under the rules of evidence, or on his confession given in open court.
Sec.  10. Nothing in this Decree shall be interpreted as a restriction on freedom of thought, of assembly and of association for purposes not contrary to law as guaranteed by the Constitution. 
Sec.  11. Any provision of law, decree or order inconsistent with this Decree is hereby repealed: Provided, That acts committed in violation of Presidential Decree No. 885, as amended and before the effectivity of this Decree shall be prosecuted and punished in accordance with the provision of the former decree: And provided, finally, That acts committed in violation of Republic Act Numbered Seventeen Hundred and before the effectivity of Presidential Decree No. 885, shall be prosecuted and punished in accordance with the provisions of the former Act. 
Sec.  12. This Decree shall take effect thirty (30) days after its release by the Office of the President..chan robles virtual law library
DONE in the City of Manila this 16th day of January in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and eighty-one..


PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1829

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PENALIZING OBSTRUCTION OF APPREHENSION AND PROSECUTION OF CRIMINAL OFFENDERS.

.chan robles virtual law library 

.chan robles virtual law library

WHEREAS, crime and violence continue to proliferate despite the sustained vigorous efforts of the government to effectively contain them; 
.chan robles virtual law library
WHEREAS, to discourage public indifference or apathy towards the apprehension and prosecution of criminal offenders, it is necessary to penalize acts which obstruct or frustrate or tend to obstruct or frustrate the successful apprehension and prosecution of criminal offenders; 
NOW, THEREFORE, I, FERDINAND, E. MARCOS, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested in me by law do hereby decree and order the following: .chan robles virtual law library
Sec. 1. The penalty of prision correccional in its maximum period, or a fine ranging from 1,000 to 6,000 pesos, or both, shall be imposed upon any person who knowingly or willfully obstructs, impedes, frustrates or delays the apprehension of suspects and the investigation and prosecution of criminal cases by committing any of the following acts: 

(a) preventing witnesses from testifying in any criminal proceeding or from reporting the commission of any offense or the identity of any offender/s by means of bribery, misrepresentation, deceit, intimidation, force or threats;


(b) altering, destroying, suppressing or concealing any paper, record, document, or object, with intent to impair its verity, authenticity, legibility, availability, or admissibility as evidence in any investigation of or official proceedings in, criminal cases, or to be used in the investigation of, or official proceedings in, criminal cases;.chan robles virtual law library

(c) harboring or concealing, or facilitating the escape of, any person he knows, or has reasonable ground to believe or suspect, has committed any offense under existing penal laws in order to prevent his arrest, prosecution and conviction;
(d) publicly using a fictitious name for the purpose of concealing a crime, evading prosecution or the execution of a judgment, or concealing his true name and other personal circumstances for the same purpose or purposes; 
(e) delaying the prosecution of criminal cases by obstructing the service of process or court orders or disturbing proceedings in the fiscal's offices, in Tanodbayan, or in the courts;.chan robles virtual law library
(f) making, presenting or using any record, document, paper or object with knowledge of its falsity and with intent to affect the course or outcome of the investigation of, or official proceedings in, criminal cases; .chan robles virtual law library
(g) soliciting, accepting, or agreeing to accept any benefit in consideration of abstaining from, discounting, or impeding the prosecution of a criminal offender; 
(h) threatening directly or indirectly another with the infliction of any wrong upon his person, honor or property or that of any immediate member or members of his family in order to prevent such person from appearing in the investigation of, or official proceedings in, criminal cases, or imposing a condition, whether lawful or unlawful, in order to prevent a person from appearing in the investigation of or in official proceedings in, criminal cases; 
(i) giving of false or fabricated information to mislead or prevent the law enforcement agencies from apprehending the offender or from protecting the life or property of the victim; or fabricating information from the data gathered in confidence by investigating authorities for purposes of background information and not for publication and publishing or disseminating the same to mislead the investigator or the court. 
 
If any of the acts mentioned herein is penalized by any other law with a higher penalty, the higher penalty shall be imposed.
Sec. 2. If any of the foregoing acts is committed by a public official or employee, he shall in addition to the penalties provided thereunder, suffer perpetual disqualification from holding public office..
Sec. 3. This Decree shall take effect immediately..
Done in the City of Manila, this 16th day of January, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and eighty-one..

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